In common with other medieval science in Europe, astronomy was viewed in a context that combined the writings of the ancient Greeks and the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Both of these sources were static, and so was medieval astronomy. 

Aristotle's image of concentric spheres, and not the Bible's flat domed earth, was the basic form of the universe. The planets still bore the names of the Ancient Roman gods Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.  Immediately outside the sphere of the fixed stars lay Heaven. God was physically right out there, just beyond the picture of the universe handed down from ancient Greece and Rome.

From Dante's (1265-1321) "The Divine Comedy,"from H. & A. Mathai, UN/ESA http://www.seas.columbia.edu/~ah297/un-esa/universe/universe-chapter2.html)

Thus on a clear night in Medieval Europe, a person looking up into the sky would have imagined huge, transparent spheres nested inside each other, encircling the center of the universe, the earth.

The kinds of questions that intrigued the Greek philosopher/scientists - the contending views on how to break down this simple view into its underlying processes - had little place. The answers were to be found in Aristotle and the Bible.